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The most common borrowings from foreign languages come from three different kinds of contact.

This table below compares the differences of spoken and used Bengali vocabularies in Dhaka (Bangladesh) & Shantipur (West Bengal, India).ĭue to centuries of contact with Mughals, Arabs, Persians, Europeans, and East Asians, the Bengali language has absorbed countless words from foreign languages, often totally integrating these borrowings into the core vocabulary. Deshi and bideshi borrowings together make up the remaining 8% of the vocabulary used in modern Bengali literature. The productive vocabulary used in modern literary works, in fact, is made up mostly 67% of native tôdbhôbô words, while tôtsômô re-borrowings only make up 25% of the total. However, these figures do not take into account the fact that a huge chunk of these words are archaic or highly technical, minimising their actual usage. There are more than five lac Bengali vocabulary in this language overall including other languages which is used as Bengali. The typical Bengali dictionary lists 75,000 separate words, of which 50,000 (67%) are considered to be তদ্ভব tôdbhôbô (native Bengali vocabulary with Sanskrit cognates), 21,100 (28%) are তৎসম tôtsômô (words directly re-borrowed from Sanskrit), and the rest being borrowings from দেশী deshi " indigenous (Austroasiatic)" and বিদেশী bideshi "foreign" sources. However, centuries of major borrowing and reborrowing from Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Sanskrit, Austroasiatic languages and other languages has led to the adoption of a wide range of words with foreign origins thus making the origins of borrowed and re-borrowed words in the Bengali vocabulary numerous and diverse, due to centuries of contact with various languages.

The core of Bengali vocabulary is thus etymologically of Magadhi Prakrit and Pali languages. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.īengali ( বাংলা Bangla) is one of the Eastern Indo-Aryan (Magadhan) languages, evolved from Magadhi Prakrit and Pali languages native to the Indian subcontinent.